The Erie Railway Company was the second incarnation of the company commonly known as the Erie Railroad. It was formed in 1861 when the New York and Erie Railroad (which went into receivership in 1859) was reorganized as the Erie Railway Company. In 1863 the Erie Railway expanded by merging in the Buffalo, New York and Erie Railroad which operated in central New York State.
The Erie Railway lasted until April 26, 1878 when it was replaced by the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad Company.